Crosshatching instrument



Oct. 26, 1943e R. J. MILLER 2,332,855

| GROSSHATCHING INSTRUMENT l Filed June 1o, 1941 r/IIIIIIIIIIIIII',4

a4 /0 7:2 g Z., 2 30 /20 4 l 90.//2 so 72g 7.

f7: .5 2 9 .fm

I N VE NTOR Barna/va J/V/Lfe Byf-fx Patented Oct. 26, 1943CROSSHAT'CIHNG INSTRUMENT i RaymondrJ. Millen Detroit, Mich., assignorto American Pattern and Manufacturing Co., Detroit, Mich.,acopartnership Application June 10, 1941, Serial No. 397,456

18 Claims.

This invention relates to drafting instruments and more particularly toan improved instrument whereby parallel lines such for example assection lines of any desired spacing may be readily drawn.

` In the engineering profession it is customary to indicate sectionalviews of various parts or elements by the use of a plurality ofangularly related relatively closely spaced parallel lines. Differentmaterials may be indicated by the use of variously spaced parallel linesor groups of parallel lines. Ferrous materials such for example as ironmay berepresented by the use of uniformly spaced parallel lines, whilenon-ferrous materials such as aluminum may be represented by the use ofalternately spaced wide and narrow parallel lines. t

Considerable difficulty hasl been experienced in the formation of .theseparallel. lines known in the trade as crosshatching This type of work isboth time consuming and tedious because of the parallel lines must beuniformly spaced. Considerable skill is required to enable a draftsmanto do this type of work with a `reasonable degree of rapidity because ithas been necessary for the draft-sman to visually gauge the distancebetween drawings to indicate sectional views of elements or parts formedof various materials.

A further object of the invention resides in the provision of acrosshatching instrument whereby parallel lines of uniform spacing, oralternately spaced wide and narrow parallel lines may be readily drawn.

Another object is to provide .an instrument having a movable carriagesupporting an angularly adjustable `arm which may be movedlongitudinally of the instrument to facilitate the formationof parallelsectionlines.

Yet a further `object of the invention resides in the provision of acrosshatching instrument having a carriage movable longitudinally of theinstrument in Va step-by-step movement to permit the formation ofparallel section lines of any desired uniform Width or of alternatelyspaced uniform widths.

`Still another object is to provide a novel actuating mechanism wherebya movable carriage may be advanced longitudinally of an instrument byuniformly or non-uniformly spaced steps of predetermined distance.

Another object of the invention resides in the provision of an improvedactuating mechanism for a movable carriage of a crosshatching instrumentwhereby the movable carriage may be progressively advanced on a flexiblemember extending longitudinally of the instrument by a controlledstep-by-step movement. t

A further object is to provide readily accessible means for quickly andeasily varymg the extent of movement of a movable member of aCrosshatching instrument to form uniformly spaced lines of any desiredpredetermined width.

Yet a still further object of the invention is to provide acrosshatching instrument having a lever movable in opposite directionsto move a ruling blade carrier a uniform predetermined distance as thelever is actuated in opposite directions, or to move the carrierpredetermined non-uniform distances along the instrument as the lever ismoved in opposite directions.

Another object of the invention is to provide a crosshatching instrumentwhich may be readily used lby left handed as well as right handeddraftsmen. t

A further object is to provide an improved crosshatching instrument ofsimple and rugged construction which may be economically manu.-factured.

Still a further `object of the invention resides in the provision .of animproved device whereby parallel lines of any desired predeterminedwidth or of alternately spaced predetermined widths may be readily drawnfor any desired purpose.

Another object is to provide a crosshatching instrument having alongitudinally lextending frame which may be detachably connected to adrafting board, and a ruling blade carrier movably mounted on the fra-mein such a mannerthat it can be readily moved longitudinally in steps ofa desired predetermined distance while the frame is attached 4to thedrafting board to facilitate the form-ation of parallel `.crosshatchinglines.`

Yet a further object of the invention is .to provide a crosshatchinginstrument having a ruling blade carrying member which maybe .quicklyand accurately moved to any adi-usted position relative `to previouslydrawn crosshatching lines.

Other objects and advantages of this invention will 'be apparent fromthe following detailed description considered in connection with the acscompanying drawing, submitted for purposes of illustration'only, and notintended to define the scope of the invention, reference being had forthat purpose to the subjoined claims.

In the drawing wherein similar reference characters refer to similarparts throughout the several views:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the improved crosshatching instrument.

Fig. 2 is a plan View of the actuating and adjusting mechanisms of thedevice.

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially on the line 3-3of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line 4-4- of Fig.3 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 5 is a plan view oi the ruling blade attaching mechanism.

Fig. 6 is a sectional View taken substantiallyV on the line [iof Fig. 5looking in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. '7 is a fragmentary plan view of'tension adjusting mechanism forthe movable carriage.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional View of the tensionadjusting mechanism for the flexible member along which the ruling bladecarrier moves. n

Fig. 9 is a plan View of the securing means for detachably connectingthe instrument to a drafting board.

Fig. 10 is a sectional view vtaken substantially on the line Ili-i ofFig. 9 looking in the direction of the arrows. f

Before explaining in detail the present invention it is to be understoodthat the invention is not limited in its application to the details ofconstruction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanyingdrawing, since the invention iscapable of other embodiments and of beingpracticed or carried out in various ways. Also it is to be understoodthat the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purposeof description and not oflimitation, and is not intended to limit theinvention claimed herein beyond the requirements of the prior art.

Referring now more lparticularly to Fig. 1, it will be observed that theinvention is illustrated as being embodied in an instrument having aruling blade carrier lil mounted for longitudinal movement on a bar I2.

The carrier I0 is provided with a substantially flat plate I4 havingangularly inclined side walls `I6 adapted to lie within and engage apair of spaced guide tracks i8 extending longitudinally of the bar I2.Yielding means such for example as springs 2@ carried by studs 22positioned in one of the side walls I6 may be provided to yieldinglyurge the other side wall IB of the carrier I0 into engagement with itsassociated track I8 to maintain the carrier i0 in a predeterminedangular relation relative to the bar I2.

A ruling blade carrying protractor 24 is provided with an edge portion26 shaped toengage the side walls I6 of the carrier Ii). The protractor24 is provided with a pair of bifurcated attaching segments Zi adaptedto be. engaged by thumb screws 3i] or 32 to detachably lock theprotractor 24 to the plate I4 of the carrier l.

A ruling blade holder 34 is pivotally connected to the protractor 24 at36 andis provided with a stud 38 adapted to project through an arcuateShaped slot 4l] formed in the protractor 24. A

,thumb screw 42 may be threaded on the stud 38 to engage the walls ofthe protractor on opposite sides of the slot 4B to securely lock theruling blade holder 34 in any adjusted angular position relative to theprotractor 24. The angular position of the holder 34 with respect to theprotractor 24 can be determined by observing the position of a referenceline 44 carried by the holder 34 in relation to a scale 45 carried bythe protractor.

A ruling blade 5i! may be detachably connected to the holder 34 by meansof a spring clip 52 rivetedor otherwise suitably secured to the rulingblade 5@ and having a pin 54 adapted to project through an apertureformed in the holder 34. A guide member 56 attached to the blade 50 bysuitable studs 58 may be slidably received in the holder 34 andcooperate with the pin 54 as illustrated in Figs; 5 and 6 to maintainthe blade 50 in alignment with the holder 34.

To remove the blade 5) from the holder 34 the pin 54 may be depressed bythe point of a pencil or any lother suitable instrument and the blade 50withdrawn from the holder by pulling it longitudinally. A plurality ofruling blades 50 of varying length may be selectively inserted into theholder 34' to permit the draftsman to draw parallel or crosshatchinglines of any desired length. The blade 50 may be formed of any suitablematerial and if desired may be transparent.

Means may be provided to move the ruling blade carrier I longitudinallyof the bar I2 by step-bystep movements of uniformly spaced predetermineddistances or by alternately disposed uniformly spaced predetermineddistances whereby parallel or crosshatching lines can be drawn along theedge of the ruling blade 5S.

One desirable form of such' carrier moving means comprises a flexiblemember Bil extending longitudinally in the bar I2 and engaging a drivingmechanism associated with the movableV carrier I0. Referring moreparticularly to Figs. 3 and 4, it will be observed that the flexiblemember ii@ encircles a pulley' or sheave drum 62 mounted in the carrierI0 in such a manner that as the pulley .is rotated in one direction theruling blade carrier Il is advanced along the exible member i extendingfrom one end of the bar I2 to the other. v

As illustrated in Fig. 8 each end of the flexible member may beclampedin a threaded sleeve 3,4 longitudinally movable in a sleeve `fili fixedin each end ofthe bar I2. A screw 68 received in an aperture l0 engagesthe sleeve 66 and is threaded linto the sleeve64 to move the sleeve B4longitudinally in the sleeve 66 to vary the tension of the flexiblemember Eil engaging the pulley 62. The flexible member e@ should beadiusted to engage the pulley 62 witha suilcient degree or" tension thatthere will be no slippage between the pulley and the fiexible member.

One-way driving means may be provided to successively rotate the pulley$2 to intermittently move the carrier lil longitudinally of the flexiblemember ii. A one-way clutch member 'l2 having a plurality of spacedcamming surfaces 'i4 may be rotatably mounted on a screw 'Hthreaded intothe plate I4 of the carrier IB. A plurality of spaced driving rollers i8may. be interposed between the camming surfaces i4 of the clutch memberl2 and the inner surface of the pulley 62. The driving rollers 'I8 maybe yieldingly urged towards the-converging surface'sof the pulley 62 andthe camming'surfaces of the member 'l2 by suitable springs 8B projectinginto apertures in the clutch member i2 and extending around a flangedportion 82 of the clutch member 'i2 to exert a force urging the yrollersf'i towards the pulley 52 and the camming surfaces of the member'I2'. As illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, the connection between thesprings 80 and the driving rollers 18 is a loose t whereby the rollersare free to move a short distance circumferentially relative to thecamming surfaces 14 of the clutch member 'I2 to exert a driving force onthe pulley 6-2 when the clutch member 12 is rotated in thecounterclockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 4.

The clutch member 'I2 may be centralized in the pulley 62 to maintainthe driving rollers 18 in proper operating position by means of a disk84 projecting into the pulley 62. The disk 84 may be provided with aflange 86 positioned to underlie and support the pulley 62.

An actuatingdisk 88 is positioned to overlie the clutch member 'I2 andis provided with a pair of spaced actuating pins 90 and 92 projectingthrough slots formed in the plate I4 of the carrier I8. The clutchmember 12, the oentralizing disk 84 and the actuating disk 88 may befixed together to rotate as a unit on the screw 'I6 by means of aplurality of spaced rivets 94.

The actuating mechanism may be housed in a suitable cover 96 interposedbetween the head of the screw 'I6 and a downwardly extending boss 98carried by the centralizing disk 84. If desired, the cover 96 may alsobe attached to the plate I4 by means of spaced screws I 00. It will be`observed that the screw 'I6 is provided with a flange |62 to engage adownwardly directed boss |04 formed in the plate |4 to provide suitableclearance between the plate I4 and the cover 96 to permit free rotationof the clutch member 'I2 and its associated centralizing and actuatingdisks 84 and 88 respectively.

Manually operable means may be provided to engage the actuating pins 90and 92 to rotate the actuating disk 08 to rotate the pulley 62 to movethe carrier I along the exible member 60.

One suitable form of manually operable means comprises a lever |06pivotally mounted on the plate I4 at |08 and having a handle 0. Thelever |66 is formed with a pair of spaced slots I I2 and |I4 adapted toreceive the actuating pins 90 and 92 respectively.

Means such for example as a coiled spring ||6 interposed between theplate I4 and the actuating disk 88 may be provided to yieldingly urgethe actuating pins 92 and 94 together with the disk 88 and the clutchmember l2 in the clock- Wise direction towards a centralized position asillustrated in Fig. 2.

It will be noted` that as the lever |06 is moved upwardly or in theclockwise direction from the centralized position illustrated in Fig. 2,the pin 90 carried by the disk 88 and projecting through the slot I I2of the lever |06 is actuated to rotate the clutch member 'I2 in thecounterclockwise direction. During this movement the actuating pin 92carried by the disk 88 moves freely inthe slot I I4 and does notinterfere with the rotation of the actuating disk 88.

A movablestop member carried by a plate |22` may be positioned to engagethe lever |06 to limit the actuating movement of the lever. The plate|22 is provided with a slot |24 to receive` a thumb screw |26 to lockthe plate |22 'in any desired adjusted position relative to the plate |4of the carrier I0. A reference line |28 on the plate |22 cooperates witha scale |30 carried by the plate I4 to indicate the distance the carrierI8 will be moved along the flexible member 60 andbar I0 by predeterminedactuation of the lever |06` As the lever |06 is moved downwardly or inthe counterclockwise direction from the centralized position illustratedin Fig. 2 the pin 92 projecting into the slot I|4 of the lever |06 isactuated to rotate the disk 88 and clutch member 12 in thecounterclockwise direction. The actuating pin 90 moves freely in theslot I I2 and therefore does not prevent actuation `of the clutch member12 and pulley 62 by movement of the pin 82.

A movable stop member |32 carried by a plate |34 may be provided tolimit movement of the lever |06 when actuating the pin 92. The plate I34 may be suitably guided on the plate I4 and may be adjustably lockedthereto by means of a thumb screw |36 projecting through a slot |38 inthe plate |34. A reference line |40 carried by the plate |34 cooperateswith a scale |42 on the plate |4 to indicate the distance the carrier I0will be moved along the bar I2 by predetermined movement of the lever|06.

It will be noted that the indications of the scale |30 are smaller thanthe graduations of the scale |42. The reason for this `is the fact thatthe actuating pin 90 is closer to the pivot point |08 of the lever |06than is the actuating pin 92, and therefore does not move so far as thepin 82 does by movement of the lever |06. Since the pin 62 is furtherfrom the pivot |08 of the lever |06 than the pin 90, the actuating disk88 will be rotated further to move the carrier I0 a greater distancelongitudinally of the bar I2 than a, corresponding movement of the lever|06 applied to the actuating pin 80.

The bar I2 may be detachably connected to the drafting board tofacilitate operation of the device. Needle points |50 carried by springclips I 52 secured to the bar I2 as by rivets |54 may project throughapertures |56to engage the surface of the drafting board. Extensions |58of the clips |52 project longitudinally of the bar |2` in such a manneras to be readily engaged to withdraw the points |50 from the board torelease the instrument.

The operation of this device to form parallel or crosshatching lines isas follows: The bar I2 is placed on the drafting board or other placewhere it is desired to draw parallel lines. If desired the bar I0 may bealigned with one edge of a T-square or other drafting instrument havinga straight edge.

When the device is being used by a right handed draftsman, the attachingsegments 28 of the protractor 24 are attached to the thumb screws 30 ofthe carrier I0 as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. The angularity of theruling blade 50 relative to the bar I2 may be adjusted by manipulationof the thumb screw 42 to lock the blade 50 in any desired angularposition on the protracto-r 24. When the desired angularity of theruling blade has been established the needle points |50 at the ends ofthe bar I2 may be depressed to detachably lock the bar I2 on thedrafting board.

If it is desired to draw uniformly spaced parallel lines such as areemployed to indicate iron, one or both of the adjustable stops 20 and|32 may be moved to align the reference lines I 28 and |40 ofthe plates|22 and |34 respectively with the gure of the scales |30 and |42indicating the desired distance between the parallel lines to be drawn.For example, if it is desired that the parallel lines be spacedone-eighth of an inch apart, one or both of the adjustable plates |22and |34-should be adjusted to align its associated reference line withthe one-eighth inch indication on the `associated scale |30 or |42respectively. 'Ihe thumb screws |26` and |36 should then be tightened tolock the plates in the desired position.

The carrier iii should then be moved towards the left hand end of thebar l2. This movement of the carrier is possible because the drum orpulley 62 is free to rotate in the clockwise direction, as viewed inFig. 4i, on rthe clutch member.

12 to move the carrier lil longitudinally on the exible member 60.

When the ruling blade 50 is in the desired starting position relative tothe drawing, a line is drawn along the edge of the blade 5G. The lever.|86 is then actuated by a force exerted on the handle Hi. lIf both ofthe adjustable stops and |32 have been set to permit the desiredmovement of the carrier l0, the lever IUE may be moved in eitherdirection. Upward movement of the lever |06 as viewed in Fig. 2transmits a force through the lpin 90 to rotate the actuating disk 88 inthe counterclockwise direction, the actuating pin 92 moving freely inthe slot lili. If the lever |06 is moved downwardly as viewed in Fig. 2,a force is exerted through the pin 92 to rotate the actuating disk S8 inthe counterclockwise direction also, and the pin l9i) moves freely. in lthe slot H2.

-Counterclockwise movement of the actuating diskA 88 is transmittedthrough the rivets Se, clutch member 'i2 and driving rollers i3 to'rotate the drum or pulley 52. Rotation of the pulley 62 causes thecarrier I0 to move along the' iiexible member 60 a distancecorresponding to the extent of movement of the lever la@ permitted bythe adjustable stops 2Iland |32.

When the actuating lever is released the force exerted on the actuatingdisk 83 by the spring l@ returns the leverto the neutral position shownin Fig. 2 wherein both of the pins 9&3 and 32 are in engagement withtheir actuating portions of the lever |66. The one-way driving meansformed by the rollers 'i8 interposed between the clutch member l2 andthe pulley 62 permits clockwise rotation of the pins 90 and 92 and theactuating disk 88 without rotating the pulley 62 relative to the exiblemember 60.

When the adjustable stops |20 and |32 are set to permit equal movementof the carrier i@ by movement of the lever H36 in opposite directions,the lever |135 can be successively actuated in either direction or maybe alternately actuated in opposite directions.

`The springs engaging the guide tracks I of the bar l2 hold the carrier.|23 against unintentional movement in either direction. When the rulingblade 5G has thus been moved by actuation of the lever l, the nextparallel line can be drawn. Thisoperation is,continued until the carrierlil reaches the right hand end of the bar I2. The extensions |53 of theclips i52 may then be lifted to withdraw the needle points |50 from thedrafting board. The bar iii may then be moved longitudinally relative tothe drawing to a new position and the operation repeated. l'Ihe rulingedge after being moved may be quickly aligned with the last drawn lineto continue equal spacing by returning the carriage beyond the lastdrawn line and actuating the lever with partial strokes until the rulingblade is aligned with the line. Then a full stroke may be taken and thedrawing continued. v

If it is desired that unequally spaced parallel lines be drawn as forexample to indicate steel or aluminum, one of the adjustable stops |20or |32 can be positioned to permit movement of the lever |06 to move thecarrier |0 the distance between one set of lines, and the other of theadjustable stops can be positioned to permit movement of the carrier Icorresponding to the distance `between the other set of lines. Forexample, assume ,that it is desired that alternately spaced parallellines of one-eighth inch and onequarter inch be drawn. The plate |22carrying the stop |20 should be positioned so that its reference line|28 corresponds with the one-eighth inch indication of the scale |30 asillustrated in Fig. 2. The plate |311 carrying the stop |32 should bepositioned so that its reference line |40 is aligned with theone-quarter inch indication of the scale |42 as illustrated in Fig. 2.If the lever |96 is now actuated alternately upwardly and downwardly,alternately spaced parallel lines of one-eighth inch and one-quarterinch can be drawn.

It is also possible to draw a plurality of parallel lines of one spacingalternating with any desired number of lines of another spacing. To doso it is only necessary to successively actuate the lever m6 in theappropriate direction a number of times corresponding to the number ofparallel lines of a given spacing desired, and to then actuate the leveriii in the opposite direction a number of times corresponding to thenumber of parallel lines of the other spacing desired.

The instrument can readily be used by left handed draftsmen. Theprotractor 24 should be disconnected from the thumb screws Sil of thecarrier i@ and the biiurcated attaching segments 28 of the protractorapplied to the thumb screws 32 on the opposite side of the carrier |E).The carrier iii will then move in the opposite direction on the bar l2when the lever E95 is actuated, and the left handed draftsrnan Will usethe opposite edge of the ruling blade Sii.

It will be understood of course that this instrument is not limited touse as a crcsahatching instrument but may be used wherever parallellines of uniform or non-uniform spacing are desired, such for example asby bookkeepers, accountants, etc.

I claim: Y l. In a crosshatching device, a bar having a flexible memberextending longitudinally relative thereto, a ruling blade carrier havinga rotatable member engaged by the exible mem--V ber, one-way drivinglmeans associated with the carrier for controlling the rotatable member,manually operable means to actuate the one-way driving means, andadjustable stop means to limit movement of the one-way driving means.

2. In a crosshatching device, a longitudinally extending bar, a carriermovable on the bar, a protractor, manually operable means whereby theprotractor may be detachably connected to opposite sides of the carrier,a ruling blade, connect-4 ing means between the ruling blade andprotractor whereby the angular position of the ruling blade relative tothe carrier may be varied, and manually operable means for moving thecarrier longitudinally on the bar by step-by-step movements ofadjustable predetermined amounts.

3. In a crosshatching device, a longitudinally extending bar, a rulingblade carrier movably mounted on the bar, adjustable yielding meansresisting movement of the carrier relative to the bar, motiontransmitting means comprising exible and rotatable members between thebar and carrier controlling movement of the carrier on the bar, one-waydriving means to actuate the rotatable member, a pair of spacedactuating pins operably connected to the one-way driving means, manuallyoperable means movable in opposite directions to actuate said pins,yielding means urging the actuating pins towards a predeterminedposition, and spaced adjustable stop means to limit movement of themanually operable means in opposite directions to independently controlthe movement `of :the carrier along the bar as the manually operablemeans is actuated in opposite directions.

4. In a crosshatching device, -a longitudinally extending bar, acarrier, motion transmitting means between the bar and carrier, manuallyoperable `means controlling the motion transmitting means whereby thecarrier may be progressively advanced longitudinally of the bar in onedirection, a. ruling blade, and detachable connecting means between theruling blade and the `,carrier whereby the blade may be attached toopposite sides of the carrier to ladapt the device for right or lefthanded operation.

.5. A crosshatohing device comprising a bar having a flexible memberextending longitudinall-yrelative thereto, a ruling blade carrier havinga rotatable member engaged by the flexible` member, one-way drivingmeans associated `with the carrier for` controlling lthe rotatablemember, a plurality of spaced means to actuate the one-way drivingmeans, manually operable means movable in opposite directions to engageand operate said spaced actuating means, and spaced adjustable stopmeans to limit `movement vof `the manually operable means in oppositedirections.

r6. A crosshatching device comprising `a longitudinally extending bar,`a carrier movable in the bar, a protractory manually operable meanswhereby the `protractor may be detachably -connected to the carrier, arulingfblade, connecting means between the ruling blade and protractorwhereby the angularposition of the ruling blade relative to the carriermay be varied, motion transmitting means between the carrier and barwhereby the carrier may be moved longitudinally of the bar, spacedactuating means controlling the motion transmitting means, manuallyoperable means movable in opposite directions controlling the actuatingmeans, and adjustable stop means to limit movement of the manuallyoperable means in opposite directions.

7. A crosshatching device comprising a longitudinally extending bar, aruling blade carrier movably mounted on the bar, motion transmitting`means between the bar and carrier controlling movement of the carrieron the bar, one-way driving means to actuate the motion transmittingmeans, a pair of spaced actuating pins operably connected to the one-waydriving means, a pivoted lever movable angularly in opposite directionsto actuate said pins, yielding means urging thelever towards apredetermined position, and spaced adjustable stop means to limitangular movement of the lever in opposite directions to independentlycontrol the movement of the carrier along the bar as the lever isactuated in opposite directions.

8. A crosshatching device comprising a bar, a ruling blade carriermovable longitudinallyv on the bar, connecting means between the bar andcarrier including a flexible member extending longitudinally of the barand a rotatable member mounted in the carrier and engaged by theflexible member, one-way driving `means controlling the rotatable membercomprising a clutch disk having angularly inclined working surfaces anddriving members between the working surfaces of the clutch disk and saidrotatable member, an

` one direction, a pair of spaced actuating pinscaryried by theactuating disk, a manually Operable lever pivotally mounted on thecarrier and having a pair of spaced working surfaces to engage theactuating pins whereby one of said pins may be actuated to rotate theclutch disk when the lever is selectively .operated in oppositedirections, and manually adjustable stop members to limit movement -ofthe actuating lever in opposite directions to selectively control theextent-of movement of Lthe carrier :along the bar as the lever isactuated in opposite directions.

,9. A crosshatching device comprising a bar, a carrier, motiontransmitting means between the bar and carrier, one-way driving means`controlling the motion transmitting means, manually operable means toactuate the one-way driving means whereby the carrier may beprogressively advanced `longitudinally of `the bar `in one direction, aprotractor, a :ruling blade, connecting means between the protractor`.and the ruling blade whereby the angular relation of the ruling blademay be varied, ,and detachable connecting means between the protractorand the carrier whereby the ruling blade may be attached to oppositesides of the carrier to adapt the device for right or left handedoperation.

10. In a crosshatching device, a bar, a ruling blade. carrier movablelongitudinallyon the bar, a protractor, connecting means between the`carrier and the protractor, a ruling blade, connecting means betweenthe ruling blade and the protractor whereby the angular relation of theruling blade relative to the bar can be adjusted, con-- nesting meansbetween the bar and carrierincluding a ilexible memberextendinglongitudinally of the bar and a rotatable member mountally mounted onthe carrier and having a pair of spaced working surfaces to engage theactuating pins whereby one of said pins may be actuated to rotate theactuating disk when the lever is selectively operated in oppositedirections, and manually adjustable stop members to limit movement ofthe actuating lever in opposite directions to selectively control theextent of movement of the carrier along the bar as the lever is actuatedin opposite directions.`

11. In a crosshatching device, a bar, a ruling blade carrier slidablymounted on the bar, oneway driving means between the bar and carrier,spaced actuating means for the one-Way driving means, a lever pivoted onthe carrier and movable in opposite directions from a neutral position,spaced connecting means between the actuating means and lever, andspaced stop means for limiting movement of the lever in oppositedirections.

12. A crosshatching device comprising a ruling blade carrier having arotatable drum, a longitudinally-extending bar having a flexible memberencircling the rotatable drum, and manually Operable means movable inopposite directions from a neutral position controlling the rotatabledrum to move the carrier varying predetermined integrals in the samedirection longitudinally relative to thebar when the manually-operablemeans is moved in opposite directions from the neutral position.`

13. In a crosshatching device, a longitudinallyextending bar, a rulingblade carrier, and connecting means between the carrier and barcomprising a lever movable in opposite directions from a neutralposition whereby the carrier may be moved longitudinally of the bar bystep-bystep movements of different predetermined lengths as the lever ismoved in opposite directions from the neutral position.

14. A device for forming parallel lines comprising a pair of members,manually operable motion-transmittingmeans between said members wherebyone of said members may be moved longitudinally relativeY to the otherin a single -direction as the manually-operable means is moved inopposite directions from a neutral position, and spaced adjustable meansfor varying the movement of the movable member as the manually-operablemeans is moved in opposite directions from the neutral position.

15. In a crosshatching device, a bar, a carrier, motion-transmittingmeans comprising a lever movable in opposite directions from a neutralposition between the bar and carrier whereby the carrier may beprogressively moved in a single direction relative to the bar, andspaced adjustable means for controlling the movement of themotion-transmitting means in opposite directions to vary the movement ofthe carrier along the bar as the lever is moved in opposite directionsfrom the neutral position.

16. A device for forming a plurality of uniformly-spaced parallel linesof predetermined spacings comprising a longitudinally-extending member,a ruling blade carrier, motion transmitting mean-s between thelongitudinally-extending member and the ruling blade carrier whereby thecarrier may be yprogressively moved along "the longitudinally-extendingmember by step-by- `step movements `of adjustable predetermined length,a ruling blade, connecting means between the blade and carrier wherebythe blade may be selectively attached to opposite sides of the carrierto move in opposite directions in the forma- 'the carrier and theposition of the bar reversed to selectively reverse the direction ofmovement of the ruling blade to accommodate riglitor left-handedoperation.

18. A device for forming parallel lines of differentpredetermined'spacings comprising a longitudinally-extending member, aruling blade carrier, motion-transmitting means between thelongitudinally-extending member and the ruling blade carrier comprisinga lever movable in opposite directions from a neutral position wherebythe carrier may bemoved different distances 1ongitudinally of the memberas the lever is moved in opposite directions from the neutral position,and separate manually-operable adjusting means to change the extent ofmovement of the carrier along the' member when the lever is moved inopposite directions from the neutral position.

RAYMOND J, MILLER.

